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<h1><a href="/">Formal Methods Tools</a></h1>
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<h1>Z3</h1>
<span class="time">Updated <time datetime="2024-02-02T04:14:54-08:00">February 2, 2024</time></span>
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<section id="quick-links">
<h2>Quick Links</h2>
<div id="link-list">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Homepage</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source Code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/discussions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Discussions</a></li>
<li><a href="https://z3prover.github.io/api/html/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rise4fun.com/z3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Playground</a></li>
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<h2>At a Glance</h2>
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Developers
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Microsoft Research
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Domains
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Software Verification
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Hardware Verification
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Embedded Systems
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Formalisms
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first-order logic
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SMT-LIB
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quantifier logic
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bit-vectors
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id="formalisms_arrays"
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arrays
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uninterpreted functions
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arithmetic
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Interactions
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CLI
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Python API
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Rust Bindings
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playground
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Languages
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<a
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id="languages_smt-lib"
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href="/languages/smt-lib">
SMT-LIB
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Python
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C&#43;&#43;
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Java
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C#
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Purposes
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Verification Tools
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Analysis Tools
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Systems
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Discrete Systems
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Concurrent Systems
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Techniques
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href="/techniques/theorem-proving">
Theorem Proving
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<a
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id="techniques_smt-solving"
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href="/techniques/smt-solving">
SMT Solving
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<a
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href="/techniques/model-checking">
Model Checking
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</section>
<section>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>Z3 is a high-performance SMT solver and theorem prover developed by Microsoft Research. It is widely used for checking the satisfiability of logical formulas over various theories, including arithmetic, bit-vectors, arrays, and uninterpreted functions. Z3 supports the SMT-LIB standard and provides APIs for several programming languages, making it suitable for integration into formal verification, program analysis, and constraint solving tools.</p>
<h3 id="features">Features</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>SMT Solver:</strong> Supports a wide range of theories and quantifiers.</li>
<li><strong>Multi-language APIs:</strong> Python, C++, Java, .NET, and more.</li>
<li><strong>Cross-platform:</strong> Available on Windows, Linux, and macOS.</li>
<li><strong>Active development:</strong> Open source and maintained by Microsoft Research.</li>
<li><strong>Web Playground:</strong> Try Z3 online at <a href="https://rise4fun.com/z3">Rise4Fun</a>.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="publications">
<h2>Publications</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver</strong>
(March 2008)
by de Moura, Leonardo et. al.
| Appears in <em>TACAS</em>
| Published by <em>Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</em>
<br /><a href="https://doi.org/map[author:[de%20Moura,%20Leonardo%20Bj%c3%b8rner,%20Nikolaj]%20booktitle:TACAS%20copyright:https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/z3-an-efficient-smt-solver/%20doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78800-3_24%20key:deMoura2008%20langid:english%20month:March%20publisher:Springer,%20Berlin,%20Heidelberg%20shorttitle:Z3%20SMT%20Solver%20title:Z3:%20An%20Efficient%20SMT%20Solver%20year:2008]" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1007/978-3-540-78800-3_24</a>
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