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Landon Taylor
2025-04-17 15:53:45 -06:00
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110
data/fallacy/formal/probabilistic.json Normal file
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{
"unit": {
"Fallacy": {
"FormalFallacy": "ProbabilisticFallacy"
}
},
"title": "Galactic Logic Academy: Mastering Probabilistic Reasoning",
"screens": [
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Welcome, Cadet! Your next mission is to explore the realm of probabilistic reasoning. Misunderstandings in probability can lead to flawed decisions, and your task is to identify and correct these errors to ensure the galaxy thrives. Ready to dive in? Let's go!",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Probabilistic fallacies occur when reasoning about probabilities is flawed. These errors can lead to incorrect conclusions and misguided actions. As a cadet, your mission is to recognize and address these fallacies to maintain logical consistency.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "One common probabilistic fallacy is the gambler's fallacy. For example, a planetary leader might argue, 'Our planet has experienced five years of drought, so we are due for a year of rain.' This reasoning is flawed because past events do not influence independent probabilities.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Mcq",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following is an example of the gambler's fallacy?",
"options": [
"A planetary leader believes that after five years of drought, rain is more likely this year.",
"A scientist argues that the probability of rain remains constant regardless of past weather.",
"A trader assumes that a coin flip will land heads because the last five flips were tails."
],
"correct_indices": [0, 2],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"The gambler's fallacy assumes that past independent events affect future probabilities."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Another probabilistic fallacy is base rate neglect. For instance, a leader might argue, 'A new technology has a 90% success rate, so it will definitely work for our planet,' without considering the base rate of success across similar planets.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Mcq",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following demonstrates base rate neglect?",
"options": [
"Ignoring the overall success rate of a technology when evaluating its effectiveness.",
"Assuming that a rare disease is common because a test has a high accuracy rate.",
"Considering both the base rate and the test accuracy when evaluating a diagnosis."
],
"correct_indices": [0, 1],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"Base rate neglect occurs when the general probability of an event is ignored."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "The conjunction fallacy occurs when people assume that specific conditions are more probable than a single general one. For example, 'A planetary leader is more likely to be a scientist and a diplomat than just a scientist.' This reasoning is flawed.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Checkboxes",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following are examples of the conjunction fallacy? Select all that apply.",
"options": [
"Believing that a planetary leader is more likely to be a scientist and a diplomat than just a scientist.",
"Assuming that a starship is more likely to be fast and durable than just fast.",
"Claiming that a planet is more likely to be habitable and resource-rich than just habitable.",
"Assuming that a rare event is more likely when combined with another rare event."
],
"correct_indices": [0, 1, 2],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"The conjunction fallacy assumes that a combination of events is more likely than a single event."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Congratulations, Cadet! You've completed the Galactic Logic Academy's unit on probabilistic fallacies. Your ability to identify these errors will help ensure logical decision-making across the galaxy. Keep up the great work!",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
}
]
}

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data/fallacy/formal/propositional.json Normal file
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{
"unit": {
"Fallacy": {
"FormalFallacy": "PropositionalFallacy"
}
},
"title": "Galactic Logic Academy: Rescuing the Galaxy Through Reason",
"screens": [
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Hey, Cadet! You've been chosen to embark on a mission to rescue the galaxy from chaos. As disputes arise between interplanetary leaders, your task is to use logic to settle conflicts and restore harmony. Ready to save the stars? Let's begin!",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "In the galaxy, misunderstandings often arise due to flawed reasoning. A propositional fallacy occurs when an argument's logical structure is flawed, leading to invalid conclusions. As a cadet, your mission is to identify and dismantle these fallacies.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Remember the last couple of units you completed? They were all about propositional logic. A propositional fallacy is simply a violation of one of those rules",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "One common propositional fallacy is affirming the consequent. Imagine a planetary leader claiming, 'If our planet has peace, then trade will flourish. Trade is flourishing, so we must have peace.' This reasoning is invalid and could lead to misguided decisions.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Mcq",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following is an example of affirming the consequent?",
"options": [
"If the starship is repaired, it will fly. The starship is flying, so it must be repaired.",
"If the starship is repaired, it will fly. It is not repaired, so it will not fly.",
"If the starship is repaired, it will fly. It is repaired, so it will fly."
],
"correct_indices": [0],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"Affirming the consequent assumes that Q being true implies P is true."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Another common fallacy is denying the antecedent. For example, a leader might argue, 'If our planet has peace, then trade will flourish. Our planet does not have peace, so trade cannot flourish.' This reasoning is also invalid.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Mcq",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following is an example of denying the antecedent?",
"options": [
"If the starship is repaired, it will fly. It is not repaired, so it will not fly.",
"If the starship is repaired, it will fly. The starship is flying, so it must be repaired.",
"If the starship is repaired, it will fly. It is repaired, so it will fly."
],
"correct_indices": [0],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"Denying the antecedent assumes that P being false implies Q is false."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "The fallacy of false equivalence occurs when two things are incorrectly treated as equivalent, despite significant differences. For instance, equating a minor planetary dispute to an intergalactic war could lead to disastrous decisions.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Checkboxes",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following are examples of false equivalence? Select all that apply.",
"options": [
"Claiming that two planetary leaders are equally corrupt because both have been accused of wrongdoing.",
"Equating a minor trade disagreement to a full-scale planetary invasion.",
"Assuming that two scientific theories about space travel are equally valid because they are both theories.",
"Saying that a small asteroid and a large planet are equally dangerous because they both have mass.",
"Claiming that two spaceships are colorful because they are both bright red.",
"Claiming that two planets are equally habitable because they both have water.",
"Assuming that two different species are equally intelligent because they both have advanced technology."
],
"correct_indices": [0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"False equivalence often ignores important differences between the compared items."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "The fallacy of begging the question occurs when an argument's conclusion is assumed in its premises. For example, 'The Galactic Council's decisions are just because the Galactic Council always makes just decisions.' This creates a circular argument.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Mcq",
"text": "",
"question": "Is this an example of begging the question? The Galactic Council is fair because it says so in its charter, and the charter is fair because the Galactic Council wrote it.",
"options": ["Yes", "No"],
"correct_indices": [0],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"Look for arguments where the conclusion is assumed in the premises."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Congratulations, Cadet! You've completed the Galactic Logic Academy's unit on propositional fallacies. Remember, your ability to identify these fallacies is key to resolving disputes and maintaining peace across the galaxy. The stars are counting on you!",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
}
]
}

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data/fallacy/formal/quantificational.json Normal file
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{
"unit": {
"Fallacy": {
"FormalFallacy": "QuantificationalFallacy"
}
},
"title": "Galactic Logic Academy: Mastering Quantificational Fallacies",
"screens": [
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Welcome back, Cadet! The galaxy faces new challenges, and this time, your mission is to tackle quantificational fallacies. These errors in reasoning arise when quantifiers like 'all,' 'some,' or 'none' are misused. Ready to sharpen your logical skills? Let's dive in!",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Quantificational fallacies occur when arguments involving quantifiers fail to follow logical rules. Missteps in reasoning can lead to flawed conclusions, and as a cadet, your task is to identify and correct these errors.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "One common quantificational fallacy is the fallacy of illicit conversion. For example, a planetary leader might argue, 'All peaceful planets trade fairly. Therefore, all planets that trade fairly are peaceful.' This reasoning is invalid.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Mcq",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following is an example of the fallacy of illicit conversion?",
"options": [
"All starships that are fast are well-maintained. Therefore, all well-maintained starships are fast.",
"Some planets with water are habitable. Therefore, some habitable planets have water.",
"No planets with toxic atmospheres are habitable. Therefore, no habitable planets have toxic atmospheres."
],
"correct_indices": [0],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"Illicit conversion occurs when the direction of a universal statement is reversed without justification."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Another quantificational fallacy is the fallacy of existential instantiation. For instance, 'Some planets are habitable. Therefore, there exists a specific habitable planet named X.' This leap in reasoning is flawed.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Mcq",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following is an example of the fallacy of existential instantiation?",
"options": [
"Some starships are fast. Therefore, there exists a specific starship named 'Speedster' that is fast.",
"All planets with water are habitable. Therefore, some habitable planets have water.",
"No planets with toxic atmospheres are habitable. Therefore, no habitable planets have toxic atmospheres."
],
"correct_indices": [0],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"Existential instantiation assumes the existence of a specific instance without evidence."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "The fallacy of undistributed middle occurs when a shared term in two premises is not distributed, leading to an invalid conclusion. For example, 'All starships are fast. All fast objects are valuable. Therefore, all starships are valuable.'",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Checkboxes",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following are examples of the fallacy of undistributed middle? Select all that apply.",
"options": [
"All planets with water are habitable. All habitable planets are valuable. Therefore, all planets with water are valuable.",
"All starships are fast. All fast objects are valuable. Therefore, all starships are valuable.",
"All leaders are wise. All wise beings are respected. Therefore, all leaders are respected.",
"All planets with life are unique. All unique planets are rare. Therefore, all planets with life are rare."
],
"correct_indices": [0, 1, 3],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"The middle term must be distributed in at least one premise for the argument to be valid."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Congratulations, Cadet! You've completed the Galactic Logic Academy's unit on quantificational fallacies. Your ability to identify these errors will help maintain peace and reason across the galaxy. The stars shine brighter with your wisdom!",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
}
]
}

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data/fallacy/formal/syllogistic.json Normal file
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{
"unit": {
"Fallacy": {
"FormalFallacy": "SyllogisticFallacy"
}
},
"title": "Galactic Logic Academy: Mastering Syllogistic Reasoning",
"screens": [
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Welcome, Cadet! Your next mission is to explore the realm of syllogistic reasoning. Syllogistic fallacies occur when errors are made in categorical reasoning, leading to invalid conclusions. Ready to sharpen your logical skills? Let's dive in!",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Syllogistic reasoning involves arguments with categorical statements, such as 'All A are B' or 'Some A are not B.' A syllogistic fallacy arises when the logical structure of these arguments is flawed.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "One common syllogistic fallacy is the fallacy of the undistributed middle. For example: 'All planets with water are habitable. Earth is habitable. Therefore, Earth has water.' This reasoning is invalid because the middle term ('habitable') is not distributed.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Mcq",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following is an example of the fallacy of the undistributed middle?",
"options": [
"All starships are fast. Some fast things are spaceships. Therefore, all starships are spaceships.",
"All planets with water are habitable. Earth is habitable. Therefore, Earth has water.",
"All asteroids are rocky. Some rocky things are planets. Therefore, all asteroids are planets."
],
"correct_indices": [1],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"The fallacy of the undistributed middle occurs when the middle term is not distributed in at least one premise."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Another syllogistic fallacy is illicit major or minor. For example: 'All planets are celestial bodies. No stars are planets. Therefore, no stars are celestial bodies.' This reasoning is invalid because it illicitly distributes the major term ('celestial bodies').",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Mcq",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following is an example of an illicit major term?",
"options": [
"All planets are celestial bodies. No stars are planets. Therefore, no stars are celestial bodies.",
"All asteroids are rocky. Some rocky things are planets. Therefore, all asteroids are planets.",
"All starships are fast. Some fast things are spaceships. Therefore, all starships are spaceships."
],
"correct_indices": [0],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"An illicit major occurs when the major term is distributed in the conclusion but not in the premise."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "The fallacy of exclusive premises occurs when both premises in a syllogism are negative. For example: 'No planets are stars. No stars are asteroids. Therefore, no planets are asteroids.' This reasoning is invalid because it violates the rules of syllogistic logic.",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
},
{
"screen_type": "Checkboxes",
"text": "",
"question": "Which of the following are examples of the fallacy of exclusive premises? Select all that apply.",
"options": [
"No planets are stars. No stars are asteroids. Therefore, no planets are asteroids.",
"No asteroids are planets. No planets are stars. Therefore, no asteroids are stars.",
"No celestial bodies are asteroids. No asteroids are planets. Therefore, no celestial bodies are planets.",
"No planets are habitable. No habitable things are stars. Therefore, no planets are stars."
],
"correct_indices": [0, 1, 2],
"correct_text": null,
"hints": [
"Exclusive premises occur when both premises are negative, making it impossible to draw a valid conclusion."
]
},
{
"screen_type": "Text",
"text": "Congratulations, Cadet! You've completed the Galactic Logic Academy's unit on syllogistic fallacies. Your ability to identify these fallacies will help you navigate complex arguments and maintain peace across the galaxy. Keep up the great work!",
"question": null,
"options": null,
"correct_indices": null,
"correct_text": null,
"hints": null
}
]
}